Incorporation of phenolic-rich ingredients from integral valorization of Isabel grape improves the nutritional, functional and sensory characteristics of probiotic goat milk yogurt.

This study elaborated different probiotic goat milk yogurt formulations with addition of a low-calorie Isabel "Precoce" grape preparation and flour from derived solid by-products. Physicochemical characteristics, probiotic counts, phenolic and protein/peptide molecular weight profile, antioxidant capacity (AC) and sensory acceptance of different yogurt formulations were evaluated. Yogurts with Isabel grape ingredients (IGI) had high nutritional value, distinct phenolic profile and high AC. High counts of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus La-05 were found in yogurts during storage. AC of yogurts with IGI increased during a simulated gastrointestinal digestion with breakdown of high molecular weight proteins and release of protein-bound phenolics. AC of yogurts with IGI should be linked to goat milk peptides and Isabel grape phenolics. Yogurts with IGI had enhanced sensory acceptance. Incorporation of Isabel grape preparation and derived by-product flour into probiotic goat milk yogurt resulted in an added-value product with multifunctional characteristics and improved sensory characteristics.

Nutritional and lipid profiles in marine fish species from Brazil.

Centesimal composition and lipid profiles were evaluated in muscle tissue of four species of Brazilian fish using the Kjeldahl and Bligh & Dyer gravimetric methods and gas chromatography, respectively. The moisture, protein, total lipid, and ash values (g/100g) ranged from 71.13 to 78.39; 18.10 to 19.87; 1.05 to 9.03; and 1.03 to 1.73, respectively. Palmitic acid was prevalent among the saturated fatty acids (10.89-20.38%) and oleic acid was the main monounsaturated acid identified (4.26-15.77%). The eicosapentaenoic-EPA (6.41-10.66%) and docosahexaenoic-DHA (9.12-30.20%) acids were the most prevalent polyunsaturated acids. The average values, which are indicative of nutritional quality, were: Polyunsaturated/saturated (P/S) (1.11-1.47), ω6/ω3 (0.08-0.21), hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic acid ratios (HH) (0.87-2.43), atherogenicity index (IA) (0.26-0.60), and thrombogenicity index (IT) (0.20-0.44). These results demonstrated that the lipid profiles of the studied species are of nutritional quality.

Processed foods aimed at children and adolescents: sodium content, adequacy according to the dietary reference intakes and label compliance / Alimentos processados voltados para crianças e adolescentes: concentração de sódio, adequação em relação aos níveis de ingestão dietética de referência e conformidade da rotulagem

OBJECTIVE: This study determined the sodium content of processed foods aimed at children and adolescents and the adequacy of its content in relation to the dietary reference intakes, and verified label compliance. METHODS: The sodium content of 17 food samples (instant noodles, breaded items, hamburger patties, hot dogs and bologna sausages) was determined by flame photometry and chloride titration, and the results were compared with nutritional data. The labels were checked for compliance with the pertinent laws. RESULTS: According to flame photometry and chloride titration, 13 and 5 products, respectively, had sodium contents that exceeded those reported on the nutrition facts label by more than 20%. All samples had more than 480mg of sodium per serving. The tolerable upper intake level for sodium for children aged 4-8 years was exceeded in 8 instant noodles and 3 breaded items according to flame photometry, and in 9 items according to chloride titration. Regarding the legislation, 5 products used a daily reference intake other than that provided by the legislation to report their percent sodium content per serving. Moreover, the serving sizes of 3 instant noodles, the terminology used in 1 instant noodles and the protein content of 1 breaded item were also not compliant with the legislation. CONCLUSION: The sodium contents in the study samples were high and there was no regard for the legislation.

OBJETIVO: Determinar o teor de sódio em alimentos processados voltados para crianças e adolescentes, averiguar a adequação do teor encontrado em relação aos níveis de ingestão dietética de referência e verificar a conformidade das informações veiculadas na rotulagem. MÉTODOS: Análise experimental do teor de sódio em 17 amostras (massa instantânea, empanado, hambúrguer, salsicha e mortadela) pela fotometria de chama e determinação de cloretos por volumetria. Os resultados foram comparados aos dados das informações nutricionais. A conformidade da rotulagem foi verificada a partir das legislações pertinentes. RESULTADOS: Houve variação maior que 20% entre o teor de sódio analisado e o declarado em 13 produtos pela fotometria de chama, e em 5, pela volumetria. Todas as amostras apresentaram mais de 480mg de sódio/porção e o limite de ingestão adequada para crianças de 4 a 8 anos foi ultrapassado, pela fotometria, nas 8 massas instantâneas e em 3 empanados. Pela volumetria, a oferta de sódio ultrapassa os níveis de ingestão recomendados para crianças entre 4 e 8 anos em 9 amostras analisadas. Em relação à legislação: 5 amostras apresentaram desacordos nos percentuais de referência estabelecidos; a regulamentação das porções dos alimentos foi descumprida por 3 massas instantâneas; 1 produto dessa categoria utilizou-se de denominação incorreta; e 1 empanado apresenta teor proteico menor que o estabelecido. CONCLUSÃO: Verificou-se elevado teor de sódio nos alimentos e desrespeito às legislações vigentes.

Carvacrol and 1,8-cineole alone or in combination at sublethal concentrations induce changes in the cell morphology and membrane permeability of Pseudomonas fluorescens in a vegetable-based broth.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of sublethal concentrations of carvacrol (CAR) and 1,8-cineole (CIN) alone and in combination on the morphology, cell viability and membrane permeability of Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 11253 cultivated in a vegetable-based broth. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy images of bacterial cells exposed to CAR and CIN alone or in combination showed marked ultrastructural changes after 1h of exposure. These changes included shrunken protoplasm, discontinuity of the outer and cytoplasmic membranes and leakage of the intracellular material. Confocal scanning laser microscopy images corroborated the electron microscopy data, showing a decrease in the number of SYTO-9 cells (intact cells) with a concomitant increase in the number of PI-positive cells (dead cells). All of these morphological changes are indicative of increased membrane permeability and the loss of bacterial envelope integrity, which ultimately lead to cell death. The combination of sublethal concentrations of CAR and CIN could be applied to inhibit the growth of P. fluorescens on vegetables.